Kindrick, Jessica D.
Lombardi, Olivia
Halim, Silvia
Lafleur, Veronique N.
Chau, Cindy H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-3833
Figg, William D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-5613
Ratcliffe, Peter J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2853-806X
Mole, David R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0984-300X
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR-RP-2016-06-004)
Wellcome Trust (203141/Z/16/Z)
Wellcome Trust (106241/Z/14/Z)
Wellcome Trust (FC001501)
NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program
Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
Cancer Research UK (FC001501)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (FC001501)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: P. J. Ratcliffe reports grants from Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Francis Crick Institute during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Immunocore plc outside the submitted work. No disclosures were reported by the other authors.