Luo, Jian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9009-065X
Chen, Wentao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1705-2299
Lett, Martin J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-9264
Yu, Simin
Luo, Wei
Coakley, Emma https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-4255
Kazani, Shamsah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-8253
Shikatani, Eric A.
Hinks, Timothy S. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0699-2373
Sandham, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-9931
Pavord, Ian D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-5973
Klenerman, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-9161
Xue, Luzheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-1262
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: E.A.S. and D.A.S. are employees of Novartis; S.K. is a former employee of Novartis. The other authors declare no competing interests.