Kotowska, Anna M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-1535
Fay, Michael
Watts, Julie A.
Gilmore, Ian S.
Scurr, David J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-3886
Howe, Alaina
Capka, Vladimir
Perez, Corey E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-0696
Doud, Devin
Patel, Siddharth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-3233
Umbarger, Mark
Langer, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-0492
Alexander, Morgan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5182-493X
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/W006413/1)
Article History
Received: 15 January 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2025
First Online: 22 May 2025
Competing interests
: M.R.A., A.M.K., M.F., J.A.W., and D.J.S. at the University of Nottingham have carried out paid work for Senda Biosciences (now Sail Biomedicines). Sail Biomedicines is a for-profit organization that aims to translate circular RNA technology and proprietary programmable nanoparticles, utilising natural components, to programme medicines. No proprietary systems are included in this manuscript. A.H., C.E.P., V.C., S.P., D.D., and MU are employed by and have equity interests in Sail Biomedicines. For a list of entities with which R.L. is, or has been recently involved, compensated or uncompensated, a live copy can be accessed at . The remaining author declares no competing interests.