Aborahama, Yousuf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9527-8923
Sastry, Karteekeya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7659-4878
Cui, Manxiu
Zhang, Yang
Luo, Yilin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-3049
Cao, Rui
Ku, Geng
Basumatary, Jigmi
Zhu, Junhao
Kong, Siying
Wang, Lihong V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9783-4383
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01 EB029823)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R35 CA220436)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 CA282505)
Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Competing interests
: L.V.W. has a financial interest in Microphotoacoustics, Inc., CalPACT, LLC, and Union Photoacoustic Technologies, Ltd., which, however, did not support this work. L.V.W. is a co-inventor of the patent titled “Transcranial photoacoustic/thermoacoustic tomography brain imaging informed by adjunct image data” (U.S. Patent No. 11,020,006), along with L.-M. Nie, X. Cai, K. Maslov, M. Anastasio, C. Huang, and R. W. Schoonover. This patent is relevant to the subject matter discussed in this paper. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.