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Article History
Received: 27 August 2024
Accepted: 6 March 2025
First Online: 15 April 2025
Competing interests
: G.R.S. is a cofounder and shareholder of Espervita Therapeutics, a company developing new medications for fibrosis and cancer. McMaster University has received funding from Cambrian Biosciences, Catalym, Espervita Therapeutics, Esperion Therapeutics, Merck, Nestle, Novo Nordisk and Poxel Pharmaceuticals for research conducted in the laboratory of G.R.S. G.R.S. has received consulting and speaking fees from AstraZeneca, CurieBio, Eli Lilly, Esperion Therapeutics, Korro Bio, Keros Therapeutics, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Versant Ventures and Poxel Pharmaceuticals. A.C.C. received consulting and speaking fees from Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada and Novo Nordisk Canada. The other authors declare no competing interests.