Li, Jin
Deng, Yamei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-5930
Gasser, Marie
Zhu, Jie
Walker, Emily M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8394-1567
Sidarala, Vaibhav
Reck, Emma C.
Hubers, Dre L.
Pasmooij, Mabelle B.
Shin, Chun-Shik
Bandesh, Khushdeep https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-7313
Motakis, Eftyhmios
Nargund, Siddhi
Kursawe, Romy
Basrur, Venkatesha
Nesvizhskii, Alexey I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-7819
Stitzel, Michael L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5630-559X
Chan, David C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0191-2154
Rutter, Guy A.
Soleimanpour, Scott A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-4498
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK108921, R01 DK135032, R01 DK135268, R01 DK136671, R01 DK127270, U01 DK127747, P30 DK020572, K01 DK133533, R01 DK136671, R01 DK118011, R01DK135268)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 BX004444)
JDRF (SRA-2023-1392, SRA-2024-1586)
American Diabetes Association (1-25-PDF-126, 1-81-ACE-015)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (P500PM_225305 / 1)
Wellcome Trust (WT212625/Z/18/Z)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/R022259/1)
Diabetes UK (BDA 16/0005485)
Gouvernement du Canada | Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada | CIHR Skin Research Training Centre (CIHR-IRSC TDP-186358)
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (CFI 42649)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Competing interests
: S.A.S. has received grant funding from Ono Pharmaceutical and is a consultant for Novo Nordisk. G.A.R. has received grant funding from Sun Pharmaceuticals and Les Laboratoires Servier and is a consultant for Sun Pharmaceuticals. A.I.N. receives royalties from the University of Michigan for the sale of MSFragger and IonQuant software licences to commercial entities. All licence transactions are managed by the University of Michigan Innovation Partnerships office; all proceeds are subject to university technology transfer policy. The other authors declare no competing interests.