Rao, Aparna D.
Cai, Ling
Snyman, Marelize
Walsdorf, Rachel E.
Li, Xiangyi
Wix, Sophia N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7467-4185
Gard, Gabrielle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8589-5496
Brown, Ariel B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-2910
Kim, Juliana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6634-4525
Santos Patricio, Joao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7045-4532
Muh, Sarah
Martin Sandoval, Misty
Zacharias, Lauren G.
Heimdal, Kristen A.
Gu, Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-8945
Homsi, Jade
Tillman, Brittny
Sharma, Rohit
Vandergriff, Travis W.
Solmonson, Ashley
Faubert, Brandon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2886-886X
Mathews, Thomas P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-8243
Morrison, Sean J.
DeBerardinis, Ralph J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-7432
Gill, Jennifer G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-7359
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (1K08CA279757, U01CA228608, R01CA285336, U01CA228608, U01 CA228608, R35CA220449, 5P50CA070907, 2P50CA196516)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR065969-08)
Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (2023-0237)
Dermatology Foundation (N/A)
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP180778, RP210041, RP240494, RP240494, RP180778, RP180778, RP240494, RP180778)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (2038731, 2038731, 2038731, 2038731)
Victorian Cancer Agency (N/A)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (N/A)
Article History
Received: 8 September 2024
Accepted: 20 June 2025
First Online: 29 July 2025
Competing interests
: B.T. has served on the Squamous Cell Carcinoma Advisory Board for Regeneron. S.J.M. is a founder of Stratus Therapeutics, a consultant to Conception Bio, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Inception Therapeutics. R.J.D. is a founder and advisor at Atavistik Bio and serves on the Scientific Advisory Boards of Agios Pharmaceuticals, Vida Ventures and Faeth Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.