Holst, Jens Juul
Schéele, Camilla
Scherer, Philipp E.
Jia, Weiping
Segal, Eran
Slavov, Nikolai
Loos, Ruth J. F.
Vahedi, Golnaz
Sun, Lei
Babu, M. Madan
McCradden, Melissa D.
Jacobs, Peter G.
Article History
First Online: 2 October 2025
Competing interests
: J.J.H. has served on scientific advisory panels and/or as a speaker or consultant for several companies including Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, MSD Denmark and Mayo Clinic; is a co-founder and owns stock in Antag Therapeutics; and is a member of the board of Antag Therapeutics, which is unpaid. C.S. has received research funding from Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, and consulting fees from Zealand Pharma and Tribune Therapeutics. N.S. is a founding director and CEO of Parallel Squared Technology Institute, which is a non-profit research institute. R.J.F.L. has received speaker fees from Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly; has served as a member of an advisory board for Eli Lilly, and as a consultant for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Foghorn Therapeutics Inc. and Maze Therapeutics Inc. M.D.M. reports receiving consulting fees for services to Google Health, Cephalgo and iheed. P.G.J. receives research support from Dexcom, Eli Lilly and SFC Fluidics; and is a co-founder and shareholder in Pacific Diabetes Technologies Inc., a company that may have a commercial interest in this type of research. The remaining authors declare no competing interests related to this manuscript.