Tiwari, Vinod https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-0953
Jin, Byungchang
Sun, Olivia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4011-0750
Lopez Gonzalez, Edwin D. J.
Chen, Min-Hsuan
Wu, Xiwei
Shah, Hardik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-5686
Zhang, Andrew
Herman, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-103X
Spracklen, Cassandra N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3590-7182
Goodman, Russell P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-7895
Brenner, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4955-3226
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01HL147545, P30CA33572, R01DK012170, R01DK100425, R01DK118011, R01DK136671, R01DK134675)
Alfred E. Mann Family Foundation Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute
American Diabetes Association (11-22-JDFPM-06)
Burroughs Wellcome Fund
Article History
Received: 23 January 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Competing interests
: C.B. is the coinventor of US provisional patent application 63/739,033 for G3P-releasing prodrugs as FGF21-inducing compounds. The other authors declare no competing interests.