Mukherjee, Sarmistha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-0287
Velázquez Aponte, Ricardo A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-3467
Perry, Caroline E.
Lee, Won Dong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-171X
Janssen, Kevin A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-9575
Niere, Marc
Adzika, Gabriel K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4827-7266
Lu, Mu-Jie
Chan, Hsin-Ru
Zou, Xiangyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8551-359X
Chen, Beishan
Bye, Nicole
Xiao, Teresa
Yook, Jin-Seon
Salik, Oniel
Frederick, David W.
Gaspar, Ryan B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-3893
Doan, Khanh V.
Davis, James G.
Rabinowitz, Joshua D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1247-4727
Wallace, Douglas C.
Snyder, Nathaniel W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-8747
Kajimura, Shingo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0672-5910
Cambronne, Xiaolu A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3547-448X
Ziegler, Mathias https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-2396
Baur, Joseph A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-6549
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01DK098656)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01HL165792)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01DK138529)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01DK125283)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01CA272490)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R35GM152218)
Norges Forskningsråd (325172)
Article History
Received: 24 November 2024
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Competing interests
: M.Z. is chief scientist at Blue Helix Health AS. J.A.B. has received research funding and materials from Pfizer, Elysium Health and Metro International Biotech and consulting fees from Pfizer, Elysium Health, Cytokinetics and Altimmune. S.M. and J.A.B. disclose that they are inventors on a patent (no. 16/078,446; ‘Methods for Enhancing Liver Regeneration’) for the use of NAD precursors to promote liver regeneration. J.D.R. is a member of the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (RCINJ) and the University of Pennsylvania Diabetes Research Center (U Penn DRC); a director of the U Penn DRC–Princeton inter-institutional metabolomics core and RCINJ metabolomics core; an advisor and stockholder in Colorado Research Partners, Bantam Pharmaceuticals, Barer Institute, Rafael Pharmaceuticals, Empress Therapeutics and Marea Therapeutics; a founder, director and stockholder of Farber Partners, Raze Therapeutics and Sofro Pharmaceuticals; a founder, advisor and stockholder in Marea Therapeutics and Fargo Biotechnologies; inventor of patents held by Princeton University; and a director of the Princeton University–PKU Shenzhen collaboration. The other authors declare no competing interests.