Mina, Theresia H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-9915
Jain, Pritesh R.
Forouhi, Nita G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-248X
Chambers, John C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-4541
Funding for this research was provided by:
MOH | National Medical Research Council (MOH-000271-00)
MOH | National Medical Research Council (NMRC/StaR/0028/2017)
National Research Foundation Singapore (MOH-000588)
National Research Foundation Singapore (MOH-001264)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00006/3)
NTU | Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (Dean's Postdoctoral Fellowship)
Article History
Received: 5 December 2023
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 29 January 2026
Competing interests
: J.C.C. receives support for attending meetings and travel from NTU Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Strategic Academic Initiative and NMRC Singapore Translational Research Investigator Award and NTU President’s Chair in Cardiovascular Epidemiology. J.C.C. is Programme Director for Population and Global Health Programme at Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, and Chief Scientific Officer at Precision Health Research, Singapore. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.