Savani, Milan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-451X
Li, Bingbing
Smith, Bailey C. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4719-4581
Gu, Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-8945
Xiao, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-3471
Baquer, Gerard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-4972
Shipman, Tracey https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4497-7080
Oken, Skyler S. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4503-7395
Manoj, Namya
Zacharias, Lauren G.
Puliyappadamba, Vinesh T.
Stopka, Sylwia A.
Regan, Michael S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-2829
Levitt, Michael M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-1760
Edgar, Charles K.
Hicks, William H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-3199
Anand, Soummitra
Martin-Sandoval, Misty S.
Winston, Rainah
S. Patrício, João https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7045-4532
Johnson, Xandria
Tippetts, Trevor S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-7057
Shi, Diana D.
Lemoff, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4943-0170
Richardson, Timothy E.
Zinn, Pascal O.
Solmonson, Ashley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-4558
Mathews, Thomas P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-8243
Agar, Nathalie Y. R.
DeBerardinis, Ralph J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-7432
Abdullah, Kalil G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-0829
McBrayer, Samuel K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-675X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA258586)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA289260)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P50CA165962)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U19CA264504)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (F30CA271634)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (K99CA277576)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R35CA220449)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA258586)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA289260)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS14214)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM158820)
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RR190034)
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP230344)
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP240489)
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP240494)
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP240494)
Human Frontier Science Program (LT0018/2022-L)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F32HL174084)
American Heart Association (24POST1200352)
Oligo Nation
Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Competing interests
: S.K.M. receives research funding from Servier Pharmaceuticals. S.K.M. and K.G.A. have intellectual property interests related to brain tumour metabolism and are co-founders of Gliomet. S.K.M. is a co-founder of Gliomic. R.J.D. is a founder and advisor at Atavistik Bioscience and an advisor for Vida Ventures, Faeth Therapeutics and Illumina. N.Y.R.A. is a consultant for Bruker, serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for National Brain Tumour Society and receives research support from Thermo, EMD Serono and iTeos Therapeutics. T.E.R. has received consulting fees from Servier Pharmaceuticals.