Kamzolas, Ioannis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7408-5284
Koutsandreas, Thodoris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0659-7245
Barker, Charlie George
Vathrakokoili Pournara, Anna
Weston, Harry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4063-6041
Fujiwara, Naoto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-3421
Hoshida, Yujin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9430-1426
Anstee, Quentin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-0088
Vacca, Michele
Papatheodorou, Irene https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-5470
Vidal-Puig, Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-9577
Petsalaki, Evangelia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8294-2995
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Bioinformatics Institute
“la Caixa” Foundation
Article History
Received: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 14 July 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: Q.M.A. reports research grant funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Intercept; consultancy fees on behalf of Newcastle University: 89Bio, Alimentiv, Akero, AstraZeneca, Axcella, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Corcept Therapeutics, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, HistoIndex, Intercept, Inventiva, Madrigal, Medpace, Merck, Metadeq, Novo Nordisk, PathAI, Pfizer, Pharmanest, Prosciento, Regeneron, Resolution Therapeutics, Roche and Terns; speaker fees from Avalere, Catalyst Medical Education, Integritas Communications, Medscape, Novo Nordisk and Springer Healthcare; royalties from Elsevier; participation on a data safety monitoring board/advisory board on behalf of Newcastle University from Gilead Sciences and Medpace; and is an NIHR Senior Investigator, supported by the Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. H.W.’s PhD fellowship is funded by Astra Zeneca. E.P. is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline. All other authors declare no competing interests.