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Authors
Dong, Danyue https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3256-2876
Walsh, Aaron M.
Vatanen, Tommi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0949-1291
Weingart, George
Khdhiri, Mondher
Stampfer, Meir J.
Vehik, Kendra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-6772
Franzosa, Eric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-7068
Huttenhower, Curtis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1110-0096
Wang, Dong D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0897-3048
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Rewers, Marian
Bautista, Kimberly
Baxter, Judith
Felipe-Morales, Daniel
Frohnert, Brigitte I.
Stahl, Marisa
Gesualdo, Patricia
Hoffman, Michelle
Johnson, Randi
Karban, Rachel
Liu, Edwin
Norris, Jill
O’Donnell, Holly
Steck, Andrea
Waugh, Kathleen
,
Toppari, Jorma
Simell, Olli G.
Adamsson, Annika
Ahonen, Suvi
Åkerlund, Mari
Anttila, Sirpa
Hakola, Leena
Heikura, Sanni
Honkanen, Tiia
Hyöty, Heikki
Ilonen, Jorma
Itoshima, Saori
Jokipuu, Sanna
Karjalainen, Taru
Karlsson, Leena
Kemppainen, Pieta
Kero, Jukka
Korpela, Marika
Koskenniemi, Jaakko J.
Kähönen, Miia
Knip, Mikael
Koivikko, Minna-Liisa
Kokkonen, Katja
Koskinen, Merja
Koreasalo, Mirva
Kurppa, Kalle
Kuusela, Salla
Kytölä, Jarita
Laiho, Jutta
Latva-aho, Tiina
Leisku, Siiri
Leppänen, Laura
Lindfors, Katri
Lönnrot, Maria
Mäntymäki, Elina
Mattila, Markus
Miettinen, Maija E.
Mykkänen, Teija
Niininen, Tiina
Niinistö, Sari
Nurminen, Noora
Oikarinen, Sami
Oinas, Hanna-Leena
Ollikainen, Paula
Othmani, Zhian
Pohjola, Sirpa
Rautanen, Jenna
Rein, Mia
Romo, Minna
Rönkä, Juulia
Rönkä, Nelli
Ruotsalainen, Noora
Simell, Satu
Tossavainen, Päivi
Vähä-Mäkilä, Mari
Varjonen, Eeva
Veijola, Riitta
Viinikangas, Irene
Virtanen, Suvi M.
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McIndoe, Richard
Schatz, Desmond
Hopkins, Diane
Haller, Michael
Gardiner, Melissa
Sharma, Ashok
Jacobsen, Laura
Gordon, Percy
Hosford, Jennifer
,
Ziegler, Anette G.
Bonifacio, Ezio
Sanverdi, Cigdem
Heublein, Anja
Hummel, Sandra
Knopff, Annette
Köger, Melanie
Koletzko, Sibylle
Ramminger, Claudia
Roth, Roswith
Schmidt, Jennifer
Scholz, Marlon
Stock, Joanna
Warncke, Katharina
Müller, Lorena
Winkler, Christiane
,
Lernmark, Åke
Agardh, Daniel
Aronsson, Carin Andrén
Bennet, Rasmus
Cilio, Corrado
Dahlberg, Susanne
Tsubarah, Malin Goldman
Ericson-Hallström, Emelie
Fransson, Lina
Halilovic, Emina
Hyberg, Susanne
Jonsdottir, Berglind
Karimi, Naghmeh
Larsson, Helena Elding
Lundgren, Markus
Melin, Jessica
Rahmati, Kobra
Ramelius, Anita
Salami, Falastin
Sjöberg, Anette
Amboh, Evelyn Tekum
Törn, Carina
Wiktorsson, Terese
Andersson, Eva
Turpeinen, Marie Andersson
Antar, Rawya
Ask, Maria
Bremer, Jenny
Svensson, Sylvia Bianconi
Carlsson, Ulla-Marie
Kulinski, Magdalena Delikat
Fors, Annika
Fält, Ulla
Gard, Thomas
Gerardsson, Joanna
Hansen, Monika
Hansson, Anna
Hansson, Carina
Hansson, Gertie
Hård af Segerstad, Elin M.
Jisser, Hanna
Johansen, Fredrik
Jonsson, Linda
Jovic, Silvija
Forss, Sigrid Lenrick
Lernmark, Barbro
Lindström, Marielle
Markan, Maria
Massadakis, Theodosia
Maziarz, Marlena
Mestan, Zeliha
Martinez, Maria Månsson
Nilsson, Caroline
Nilsson, Emma
Nordh, Yohanna
Ottosson, Karin
Rang, Sara
Rosenquist, Anna
Järvirova, Monika Sedig
Sibthorpe, Sara
Sjöberg, Birgitta
Swartling, Ulrika
Trulsson, Erika
Ulvenhag, Ulrika
Wallin, Anne
Wigheden, Ingrid
Wimar, Åsa
Åberg, Sofie
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Hagopian, William A.
Killian, Michael
Crouch, Claire Cowen
Skidmore, Jennifer
Ben Kim,
McCall, Cody
Meyer, Arlene
Radtke, Jared
Roy, Shreya
,
Becker, Dorothy
Franciscus, Margaret
Smith, MaryEllen Dalmagro-Elias
Daftary, Ashi
Klein, Mary Beth
Yates, Chrystal
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Krischer, Jeffrey P.
Adusumali, Rajesh
Austin-Gonzalez, Sarah
Avendano, Maryouri
Baethke, Sandra
Burkhardt, Brant
Butterworth, Martha
Cadigan, Nicholas
Clasen, Joanna
Counts, Kevin
Gandolfo, Laura
Garmeson, Jennifer
Gowda, Veena
Liu, Shu
Liu, Xiang
Lynch, Kristian
Malloy, Jamie
Mramba, Lazarus
McCarthy, Cristina
Parikh, Hemang M.
Remedios, Cassandra
Shaffer, Chris
Smith, Susan
Sulman, Noah
Tamura, Roy
Tewey, Dena
Thuma, Henri
Toth, Michael
Uusitalo, Ulla
Vijayakandipan, Ponni
Wroble, Melissa
Yang, Jimin
Young, Kenneth
Abbondondolo, Michael
Ballard, Lori
Brown, Rasheedah
Cuthbertson, David
Dankyi, Stephen
Eberhard, Christopher
Fiske, Steven
Hadley, David
Heyman, Kathleen
Hsiao, Belinda
Karges, Christina
Laras, Francisco Perez
Lee, Hye-Seung
Li, Qian
Maguire, Colleen
McLeod, Wendy
Merrell, Aubrie
Meulemans, Steven
Moreno, Jose
Quigley, Ryan
Smith, Laura
,
Yu, Liping
Miao, Dongmei
Gillespie, Kathleen
Chandler, Kyla
Pearce, Olivia
Stollery, Sarah
Balch, Elinor
Batholomew, Hanah
Hashmi, Zahra
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Rich, Stephen S.
Chen, Wei-Min
Onengut-Gumuscu, Suna
Farber, Emily
Pickin, Rebecca Roche
Davis, Jonathan
Davis, Jordan
Dan Gallo,
Bonnie, Jessica
Campolieto, Paul
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Hagopian, William
Erlich, Henry
Mack, Steven J.
Fear, Anna Lisa
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Petrosino, Joseph F.
Lloyd, Richard E.
Ajami, Nadim J.
Ayvaz, Tulin
Bauch, Tonya
Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan
Gibbs, Richard
Hirsch, Rachel
Hoffman, Kristi L.
Houston, Hanna
Hutchinson, Diane S.
Cregeen, Sara Javornik
Laval, Elizabeth
Kusic, Lenka
Metcalf, Ginger
Moreno, Hannah
Muzny, Donna
O’Brien, Jacqueline L.
Payne, Katelyn
Renner, Ashlie
Riley, Lauren
Ross, Matthew C.
Smith, Daniel P.
Surathu, Anil
Tamegnon, Auriole
Tian, Xiangjun
Tisza, Michael
Truong, Nguyen
Wang, Li
Wong, Matthew C.
Zavala, Eduardo
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Deigan, Chris
Schrock, Ricky
Malone, Polina
Ke, Sandra
Mulholland, Niveen
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Akolkar, Beena
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Briese, Thomas
Brusko, Todd
Buckner, Teresa
Johnson, Suzanne Bennett
McKinney, Eoin
Pastinen, Tomi
Thorsen, Steffen Ullitz
Triplett, Eric
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
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Article History
Received: 24 January 2026
Accepted: 19 August 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: C.H. is a member of the scientific advisory board for Zoe Nutrition, Empress Therapeutics and Seres Therapeutics. All other authors declare no competing interests.
