Yan, Youcan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1805-7107
Zermane, Ahmed
Pan, Jia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-2054
Kheddar, Abderrahmane https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9742
Article History
Received: 22 January 2024
Accepted: 21 August 2024
First Online: 19 November 2024
Competing interests
: Y.Y and A.K. are inventors of a pending patent application in the name of TAXEL3D concerning a tactile sensing technology featuring three-axis force self-decoupling as related to this paper. The other authors declare no competing interests.