Wang, Chunxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-3553
Kang, Wenbin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-5032
Sun, Mengmeng
Zhang, Hongchuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-3642
Hong, Chong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0739-7552
Demir, Sinan Ozgun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-8372
Ugurlu, Halim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-4328
Hao, Kun
Liu, Zemin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9211-6603
Wang, Tianlu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-7821
Sitti, Metin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-3854
Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Competing interests
: M.S. and T.W. are listed as inventors on pending US patent application 18/133104 and European patent application 22167673.7 submitted by the Max–Planck–Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften e.V. that covers the fundamental design, fabrication and control principles of the stent-shaped magnetic soft robots included in this work. The other authors declare no competing interests.