Sun, Maoran
Hou, Ce
Li, Qiaosi
Zhang, Fan
Bardhan, Ronita
Zhao, Qunshan
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Space Agency (G129779)
European Space Agency (G128107)
European Space Agency (4000145976/24/UK/AL/ek)
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/L011921/1)
Royal Society (IEC\NSFC\223042)
Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.