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Article History

Received: 1 May 2025

Accepted: 10 September 2025

First Online: 23 October 2025

Competing interests

: M.C.R., A.M.T. and R.G.M. are inventors on a pending patent application (PCT/US2022/022538, ‘Enhancing T cell function through the use of proximal signaling molecules’, applicant: The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University) for the MT-SLP-76 platform described in this manuscript. R.G.M. is a cofounder of and holds equity in Link Cell Therapies, which has licensed the MT-SLP-76 platform. M.C.R. and A.M.T. are consultants for and hold equity in Link Cell Therapies. R.G.M. was a cofounder of, consultant for and equity holder in Cargo Therapeutics. A.M.T. was a consultant for and holds equity in Cargo Therapeutics. R.G.M. has consulted for and holds equity in Lyell Immunopharma, Innervate Radiopharmaceuticals and Waypoint Bio. R.G.M. has consulted for NKarta, Arovella Pharmaceuticals, GammaDelta Therapeutics, Aptorum Group, Zai Labs, Immunai, Gadeta and FATE Therapeutics (DSMB). K.A.F. is an employee of Kite Pharma, a Gilead Company. A.T.S. is a cofounder of Immunai, Cartography Biosciences, Santa Ana Biosciences and Prox Biosciences. A. Manousopoulou is a cofounder and chief scientific officer of and holds equity in Proteas Health (formerly Proteas Bioanalytics). C.A.K. is a scientific cofounder of and holds equity in Affini-T Therapeutics. C.A.K. has previously consulted for or is on the scientific and/or clinical advisory boards of Achilles Therapeutics, Affini-T Therapeutics, Aleta BioTherapeutics, Bellicum Pharmaceuticals, BMS, Catamaran Bio, Chronara Biosciences, Cell Design Labs, Clasp Therapeutics, Decheng Capital, Genesis Therapeutics, G1 Therapeutics, Klus Pharma, Obsidian Therapeutics, PACT Pharma, Roche/Genentech, Royalty Pharma, Stereo Biotherapeutics and T-knife. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.