Riaz, Nadeem https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-5862
Alban, Tyler J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-140X
Haddad, Robert I.
Saul, Michelle
Makarov, Vladimir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-5876
Zhu, Yingjie
Cohen, Ezra E. W.
Ferris, Robert L.
Chang, Peter Mu-Hsing
Lin, Jin-Ching
Psyrri, Amanda
Parthasarathy, Prerana Bangalore https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7702-9656
Novaj, Ardijana
Gawali, Mruniya
Hoen, Douglas
Hamilton, Phineas
Silver, Natalie L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4618-6659
Juric, Ivan
Chawla, Daniel
Gradissimo, Ana
Ko, Jennifer
McGrail, Daniel J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6669-6069
Davis, Craig B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-451X
Lee, Nancy Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-9522
Chan, Timothy A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9265-0283
Article History
Received: 9 September 2024
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Competing interests
: T.A.C. is a cofounder of Gritstone Oncology and holds equity. T.A.C. also holds equity in An2H. T.A.C. acknowledges grant funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Illumina, Pfizer, An2H and Eisai. T.A.C. has served as an advisor for Bristol-Myers, MedImmune, Squibb, Illumina, Eisai, AstraZeneca and An2H. T.A.C. is an inventor on intellectual property held by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center on using TMB to predict immunotherapy response, with pending patent, which has been licensed to PGDx. T.A.C. is on the advisory board of Cell. N.R. acknowledges research support from Pfizer, REPARE Therapeutics, Invitae and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The other authors declare no competing interests.