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Article History

First Online: 10 December 2025

Competing interests

: W.B. and M.A. declare no competing interests. S.V.L. reports serving as a paid consultant for Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech/Roche, Gilead, GSK, Guardant Health, Johnson & Johnson, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Merus, Natera, Novartis, Nuvalent, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Regeneron, Revolution Medicines, SystImmune, Takeda and Yuhan, and receiving research funding (to institution) from Abbvie, Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Avenzo, BioNTech, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cogent Biosciences, Duality, Ellipses, Genentech, Gilead, Medilink, Merck, Merus, Nuvalent, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Puma, Synthekine and SystImmune.