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Article History

Received: 21 November 2024

Accepted: 12 January 2026

First Online: 18 March 2026

Competing interests

: R.K.M. has received research funding (institutional) from Zanrong Pharma, Seattle Genetics, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, Astra Zeneca and EMD-Serono and honorarium and/or consulting fees from Sanofi, Novartis, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Genentech/Roche, Seattle Genetics and Puma. B.J.O. has received research funding (institutional) from EMD-Serono, Seagen, consulting fees from Seagen and scientific and/or advisory committee fees from PlusTherapeutics. D.A.B. is co-owner of Berry Consultants, LLC, a statistical consulting company. A.T.-E. has Seagen employment and/or stocks. A.M. has received research funding (institutional) from Lilly, Merrimack, Novartis, Genentech and/or Roche, Millenium Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Seagen, Pfizer, Tempus, Molecular Templates, Dantari, Pharmaceuticals, Suzhou Zanrong Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp and F. Hoffman LaRoche, consulting and/or advisory fees from Eisai, Lilly, Seattle Genetics and other from Taiho Pharmaceutical. J.F.d.G. has received grant support from Carthera and HaiHe pharmaceuticals, consulting fees from MundiPharma, Insightec, Bioasis Technologies, Kintara, Kazia, Monteris, Karyopharm, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Merck, Sapience Therapeutics, VBI Vaccines, Chimerix, Aucentra, Midatech, Telix Pharma, Alpha Pharmaceuticals and Servier and other from Alaunos and Brii Biosciences. M.F.R. has received research grants from Pfizer and Genentech and consulting honoraria from Macrogenics, Seagen, Novartis and AstraZeneca. N.U.L. has received contracts and/or grant funding (institutional) from Genentech, Merck, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, AstraZeneca, Zion Pharmaceuticals and Olema Pharmaceuticals, royalties from Up to Date and consulting fees from Puma, Seattle Genetics, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Prelude Therapeutics, Denali Therapeutics, Olema Pharmaceuticals, Aleta BioPharma, Affinia Therapeutics, Voyager Therapeutics, Janssen, BluePrint Therapeutics and Artera, Inc. and Stemline/Menarini. E.M.S.-R. has received research support from S. G. Komen, Vfoundation, Breast Cancer Research Foundation of Alabama and NIH, clinical research (institutional) funding from Pfizer, Seagen, Tesaro, Lilly, Merck, Genetech, Calithera and Corcept Therapeutics, Inc., and consulting and/or advisory fees from Lilly, Mylan, Novartis, Immunomedics, AstraZeneca, Seagen and Merck. A.C.W., A.S.-R., D.T., I.E.K., J.J., J.S.-G., J.W., K.R., M.G.M., M.L., M.M., S.D.F. and V.V. declare no competing interests.