Li, Yi
Ning, Ziyu
Xiang, Tianqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-1721
Zhang, Qixiang
Lin, Zhihao
Yi, Min
Feng, Feiyan
Zeng, Baozhen
Qian, Xuexia
Sun, Lu
Qin, Jiace
Xiang, Ling
Fan, Chao
Qin, Tian
Wang, Qian
Bian, Xiu-Wu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-0197
Yu, Kun-Hsing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-8218
Zhang, Kang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-1697
Zhang, Qingling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-264X
Li, Xiaomeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-8083
Article History
Received: 4 January 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 3 April 2026
Competing interests
: Qingling Zhang, Z.N., X.L. and Y.L. are inventors on a pending Chinese patent application (application no. 202510130037.4, ‘A pan-cancer AI pathology diagnosis system using few examples without training’; applicant: GDPH, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) related to the PRET algorithm described in this paper. K.-H.Y. is an inventor on US patent 10,832,406. This patent is assigned to Harvard University and is not directly related to this paper. The other authors declare no competing interests.