Jin, Darui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-8844
Shmatko, Artem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-0856
Patel, Areeba
Rutz, Samuel https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2911-5708
Friedrich, Lukas https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7821-0282
Banan, Rouzbeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-576X
Rahmanzade, Ramin
Sievers, Philipp https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-6021
Hamelmann, Stefan
Schrimpf, Daniel
Göbel, Kirsten https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2117-6381
Bogumil, Henri
Maas, Sybren L. N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-4405
Sill, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-7665
Hinz, Felix E.
Suwala, Abigail K.
Keller, Felix
Habel, Antje https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3472-4165
Rukhovich, Gleb
Zettl, Ferdinand
Alhalabi, Obada T.
Ille, Sebastian
Sehring, Jannik https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2822-7833
Amsel, Daniel
Wiestler, Benedikt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2963-7772
Piovesan Lago, Pedro https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9281-3566
Suchorska, Bogdana
Ahmad, Olfat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3764-4304
Sturm, Dominik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0250-1696
Reuss, David
Wesseling, Pieter
Wöhrer, Adelheid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-8189
Heppner, Frank L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9816-8917
Blümcke, Ingmar
Delbridge, Claire
Jakobs, Martin
Herold-Mende, Christel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-745X
Krieg, Sandro M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4050-1531
Wick, Wolfgang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-634X
Jones, David T. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2036-5141
Pfister, Stefan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-5322
Al-Hussaini, Maysa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-150X
Hou, Yanghao
D’Almeida Costa, Felipe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6470-749X
Schweizer, Leonille
Bertero, Luca https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9887-7668
Acker, Till https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6357-7227
Tauziede-Espariat, Arnault
Varlet, Pascale
Merkler, Doron
Egervari, Kristof
Dohmen, Hildegard
Zoroquiain, Pablo
Gejman, Roger
Brandner, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-0342
Bai, Xiangzhi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-8237
von Deimling, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-540X
Sahm, Felix https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5441-1962
Gerstung, Moritz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-963X
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Foundation Mannheim
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
the Dieter Schwarz Stiftung
Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung
Fondazione Ricerca Molinette
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1389)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2025
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Competing interests
: D. Schrimpf, M.S., D.T.W.J., S.M.P., A.v.D. and F.S. are shareholders in and cofounders of Heidelberg Epignostix GmbH. A.P. and M.S. have been full-time employees of Heidelberg Epignostix GmbH since December and July 2024, respectively. D. Schrimpf has been a part-time employee of Heidelberg Epignostix GmbH since November 2024. S.I. is a consultant for Brainlab AG, Icotec AG and Carl Zeiss Meditec AG and has received past honoraria from Nexstim AG. S.M.K. is a consultant for Brainlab AG, Ulrich Medical and Need Inc.; a shareholder of Need Inc.; and has received honoraria from Nexstim Plc, Spineart Deutschland GmbH, Medtronic AG and Carl Zeiss Meditec AG. The other authors declare no competing interests.