Pang, Boyi
Li, Huanxin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-3942
Guo, Yiming
Li, Bochen
Li, Feiran
Parks, Huw C. W.
Bird, Liam R.
Miller, Thomas S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-5768
Shearing, Paul R.
Jervis, Rhodri https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2784-7802
Robinson, James B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-7769
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovate UK (10040939)
Royal Academy of Engineering (CiET1718\59)
Article History
Received: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.