Machado, Manoela S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-2887
Hethcoat, Matthew G.
Macedo, Marcia N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-5901
Peres, Carlos A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-8765
Edwards, David P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-3853
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation | Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (234069/2014-7)
Rufford Foundation (22281-1)
Article History
Received: 30 October 2024
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 24 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was led by a Brazilian national and conducted in a federally managed National Forest in Brazil. Local field assistants contributed to data collection and are acknowledged accordingly. The study followed local ethical and environmental standards and did not require formal ethics approval.