Huang, Ke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-9775
Han, Weiqing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-9105
Zu, Tingting
Wu, Ying
Xu, Kang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-6005
Wang, Weiqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-4210
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42230402)
Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 25 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. Weiqing Han is an Editorial Board Member for Communications Earth & Environment, but was not involved in the editorial review of, nor the decision to publish this article.