Zhao, Wenzhi
An, Mengke
Dal Zilio, Luca
Zhao, Luanxiao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-2493
Zhu, Hehua
Shen, Xianda
Gan, Quan
Zhang, Fengshou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-6259
Elsworth, Derek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-1151
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42320104003, 42077247)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOE-MOET32021-0002)
Nanyang Technological University (025244-00001)
Earth Observatory of Singapore
G. Albert Shoemaker endowment
Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare that no competing interests. Luca Dal Zilio is an Editorial Board Member for Communications Earth & Environment, but was not involved in the editorial review of, nor the decision to publish this article.