Swartz, Allison G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-1455
Coble, Ashley A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-5026
Penaluna, Brooke E.
Flitcroft, Rebecca L.
Ebersole, Joseph L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-1995
Krawchuk, Meg A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Agriculture | Forest Service | Pacific Northwest Research Station
Weyerhaeuser Company
Article History
Received: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.