Zhu, Xiao Xiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-3613
Xiong, Zhitong
Wang, Yi
Stewart, Adam J.
Heidler, Konrad
Wang, Yuanyuan
Yuan, Zhenghang
Dujardin, Thomas https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5762-3025
Xu, Qingsong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-7290
Shi, Yilei
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Commission (101091374)
Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit (67KI32002B)
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (50EE2201C)
Technische Universität München
Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.