Gang, Chengcheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-5636
Wei, Ning https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6805-1046
Feng, Chenxi
Xu, Haodi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3839-7202
Liu, Huanhuan
Tao, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-860X
Jiang, Lifen
Xia, Jianyang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-6665
Sitch, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-8561
Luo, Yiqi
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31602004)
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. Lifen Jiang is an Editorial Board Member for Communications Earth & Environment , but was not involved in the editorial review of, nor the decision to publish this article.