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Geographic constraints shape urban and economic growth worldwide

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03393-3

Published Online: 2026-03-15

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wang, Luyao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7857
Hu, Zhehao

Song, Wenping

Xi, Junhua
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-15

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-03-15
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Article History

Received: 16 September 2025

Accepted: 3 March 2026

First Online: 15 March 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.