Crockford, Peter W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-6482
Sugiyama, Ichiko
Kipp, Michael A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-3670
Hao, Jihua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3657-050X
Nelson, Lyle L.
Hemingway, Jordon D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-2255
Wimmer, Sabine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-684X
Fakhraee, Mojtaba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-6374
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC24K1702)
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Article History
Received: 30 December 2024
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests. Mojtaba Fakhraee is an Editorial Board Member for Communications Earth & Environment, but was not involved in the editorial review of, nor the decision to publish this article.