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Authors
Gallo, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1266-6259
Magherini, Leonardo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8476-9164
Mondino, Federico
Bianco, Carlo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-5888
Tosco, Tiziana
Sethi, Rajandrea
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Compagnia di San Paolo
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Competing interests
: C.B., R.S., and T.T. report a relationship with DeltaNova, a spin-off company of Politecnico di Torino, including equity ownership. C.B., R.S., T.T., and A.G. are inventors of Italian patent No. 102018000009831, entitled “Metodo per la produzione di metalli zero-valenti in mezzi filtranti”, owned by Politecnico di Torino. The patent was filed on 26 October 2018 and is granted. The patent covers the process for in situ nanoparticle synthesis and the subsurface remediation approach investigated in this manuscript. The remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
