Wang, Ruihai https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1780-4983
Zhao, Qianhao https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6899-5630
Loetgering, Lars
Allars, Frederick https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-6461
Hong, Zhixuan
Pennycook, Timothy J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-6516
Horstmeyer, Roarke
Rodenburg, John
Maiden, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-8235
Zheng, Guoan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-2690
Article History
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Competing interests
: J.R. is a co-founder of Phase Focus Ltd and is a named inventor on the following patents related to ptychography (US Patent, nos. 7792246, 9401042 and 9116120; WO Patent, nos. 2005/106531 and 2010/064051). A.M. is a named inventor on the following patents related to ptychography (US Patent, nos. 8942449, 10466184, 9202295, 9448160, 9401042, 9322791, 9274024, 9121764, 9087674 and 9086570; WO Patent, nos. 2014/033459, 2010/064051). R.H. is a named inventor on the following patents related to ptychography (US Patent, nos. 12237094, 10679763, 10652444, 10606055, 10419665, 10401609 and 10162161; WO Patent, no. 2014/070656). G.Z. is a named inventor on the following patents related to ptychography (US Patent, nos. 12237094, 11686933, 10679763, 10652444, 10606055, 10419665, 10401609 and 11487099; WO Patent, no. 2014/070656). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.