Jacques, Macsue
Seale, Kirsten
Voisin, Sarah
Lysenko, Anna
Grolaux, Robin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-7308
Jones-Freeman, Bernadette
Lamon, Severine
Abeysooriya, Mandhri
Levinger, Itamar
Bauer, Carlie
Sharples, Adam P.
Heikkinen, Aino
Sillanpaa, Elina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-959X
Ollikainen, Miina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3661-7400
Smith, Cassandra
Broatch, James R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-3168
Zarekookandeh, Navabeh
Gillberg, Linn
Blom, Ida https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-3031
Poganik, Jesse R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3098-8550
Moqri, Mahdi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-0566
Gladyshev, Vadim N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0372-7016
Taper, Matthew
Malecki, Cassandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-9541
Lal, Sean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5841-560X
Saurat, Nathalie
Horvath, Steve https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-3589
Teschendorff, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-6527
Eynon, Nir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4613-7865
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (DP240102155)
Department of Education and Training | Australian Research Council (FT210100278)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1194159)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (MRF1200852)
Hevolution/AFAR New Investigator Awards in Aging Biology and Geroscience Research
WBI World Excellence Fellowship 2025
Research Council of Finland
Norges Forskningsråd (314157)
National Heart Foundation of Australia (107194)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (W2431024)
Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 3 June 2026
First Online: 26 June 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: S.H. is a named inventor on patents and patent applications owned by the Regents of the University of California directed at epigenetic biomarkers. S.H. is a founder and paid consultant of the nonprofit Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation that licenses these patents and is a principal investigator at Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, a biomedical research company working on cellular rejuvenation. These interests relate to the use of DNAm as a biomarker of biological aging, which is relevant to the subject matter of this paper. K.S. is employed by TruDiagnostics, a company that provides epigenetic age testing services based on DNAm, which is directly relevant to the subject matter of this paper. S.V. is employed by Novo Nordisk, a pharmaceutical company with commercial interests in aging and metabolic disease, which are relevant to the subject matter of this paper. N.S. is an inventor on a patent filed by MSKCC relating to methods of modulating cellular aging in neurons and is an advisor to Evinco Therapeutics. M.J., A.L., R.G., B.J.-F., S. Lamon, M.A., I.L., C.B., A.P.S., A.H., E.S., M.O., C.S., J.R.B., N.Z., L.G., I.B., J.R.P., M.M., V.N.G., M.T., C.M., S. Lal, A.T. and N.E. declare no competing interests.