Shao, Erzhuo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-271X
Wang, Yifang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6267-9440
Qian, Yifan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-1981
Pan, Zhenyu
Liu, Han
Wang, Dashun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-2206
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (2404035)
Future Wanxiang Foundation
Article History
Received: 6 April 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Ethics approval
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Northwestern University (no. STU00223588).
: The authors declare no competing interests.