Zhang, Xinyi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-4698
Shivashankar, G. V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0954-4496
Uhler, Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-0216
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (1DP2AT012345)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-22-1-2116)
AstraZeneca
MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab, MIT J-Clinic for Machine Learning and Health, and a Simons Investigator Award
Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center at the Broad Institute
Swiss National Foundation
Article History
Received: 2 March 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 25 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.