Tataru, Christine http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3869-2079
Martin, Austin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-5435
Dunlap, Kaitlyn
Peras, Marie
Chrisman, Brianna S
Rutherford, Erica
Deitzler, Grace E http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-3117
Phillips, Alexandra
Yin, Xiaochen
Sabino, Kayleen
Hannibal, Roberta L
Hartono, Wiputra
Lin, Michelle
Raack, Edward
Wu, Yonggan
DeSantis, Todd Z
Iwai, Shoko
Wall, Dennis P http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7889-9146
David, Maude M http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-418X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIDA R44DA04395402)
National Science Foundation (GRFP)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402, NIDA R44DA04395402)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
National Science Foundation (GRFP, GRFP)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
Article History
Received: 12 August 2021
Revised: 24 September 2021
Accepted: 18 November 2021
First Online: 18 December 2021
Competing interests
: The authors declare a conflict of interest. The authors affiliated with Second Genome, Inc. have the following competing interests: Second Genome Inc. employs and provides stock options to all authors affiliated with Second Genome Inc. MMD has a financial interest in Second Genome Inc. Second Genome Inc. is an independent therapeutics company with products in development to treat Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Cancer, and could potentially benefit from the outcomes of this research. MMD is co-owner of Microbiome Engineering Inc., a company specialized in developing biosensors. DPW is cofounder of Cognoa, a company focused on digital methods for healthy child development.