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Article History
Received: 28 April 2023
Accepted: 15 September 2023
First Online: 5 October 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: J.L.S. serves, or has served, on advisory panels for Bigfoot Biomedical, Cecelia Health, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic Diabetes, StartUp Health Diabetes Moonshot, and Vertex. J.L.S. has served as a consultant to Abbott Diabetes, Bigfoot Biomedical, Insulet, Medtronic Diabetes, and Zealand. Yale School of Medicine has received research support for J.L.S. from Abbott Diabetes, JAEB Center for Health Research, JDRF, Insulet, Medtronic, NIH, and Provention Bio. K.K.H. received consulting fees from Cecelia Health. P.A.G. consults or has consulted for Provention Bio and Viacyte. P.A.G. is the co-founder of IM Therapeutics and serves as CMO on the Board as well as being a shareholder. P.A.G. has also received research support from the Helmsley Foundation, Nova Pharmaceuticals, Imcyse, Provention Bio, Intrexon T1D Partners, and Novartis. All payments have been made to the University of Colorado. P.G. serves, or has served, on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Medtronic, Abbott, Ypsomed, and Bayer. P.G. serves, or has served, on the speaker’s bureau for Merck Sharp and Dohme, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer, Medtronic, Insulet, Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Roche, VitalAire, and Dexcom. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. KU Leuven received non-financial support for PG for travel from Sanofi-Aventis, A Menarini Diagnostics, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, and Roche. All disclosures are unrelated to the present work. IBH has received research funding from Insulet and Dexcom and is a consultant for Abbott, embecta, Lifescan, and Hagar. REP reports consulting fees from Bayer AG, Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, Dexcom, Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi, Scohia Pharma Inc., and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, and grants/research support from Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Janssen, Metavention, Novo Nordisk, Poxel SA, and Sanofi. All funds are paid directly to REP’s employer, AdventHealth, a nonprofit organization that supports education and research. L.M.L. serves as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Janssen, Dexcom, Insulet, Roche, Medtronic, Dompe, Provention Bio, and Vertex. CM serves, or has served, on the advisory panel for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Merck Sharp and Dohme Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Medtronic, ActoBio Therapeutics, Pfizer, Imcyse, Insulet, Zealand Pharma, Avotres and Vertex. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven; KU Leuven has received research support for CM from Medtronic, Imcyse, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and ActoBio Therapeutics. L.M.J., E.C., A.C., S.M.P., M.H., S.C., M.U., S.A., M.T., M.J.R., and J.J.W. report no dualities of interest.