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Article History

Received: 9 October 2023

Accepted: 20 June 2024

First Online: 27 June 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare the following competing interests: KP reports work with Novo Nordisk NN6535-4730 trial outside the submitted work. HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZPath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Alzecure, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Roche, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). All other authors explicitly report no disclosures.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All data and materials were collected after informed written consent from the patient, or from the next of kin if patients were unable to consent due to cognitive impairment; next of kin have the authority to grant consent in Norway under the Act on Medical and Health Research (ACT 2008-06-20). The Regional Committee for Ethics in Medical Research in Norway has approved the multi-centre study from which hip fracture patients were included (REC Central, #19337); the Cognorm study (REC South East, #12064); and the study of inflammatory biomarkers in the NorCog material (REC South East #6897). The ethical approval encompasses the current study, including analysis of MMP and TIMP biomarkers and comparisons across cohorts.