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First Online: 11 October 2024

Competing interests

: The authors declare the following competing interests: BW sits on the board of directors for the York Health Economic Consortium, a health economics consulting company wholly owned by the University of York. This role is unpaid. C.L., T.R., H.T. and Z.R. are employees of Pfizer. T.A. is an elected member of BSAC council and leads a consultancy across the AMR sector for organisations which have recently included The Microbiology Society, The UK Sepsis Trust, The Infection Management Coalition, Menarini Pharmaceuticals, Binary Pharmaceuticals, ESSITY and Pharmafilter. T.A. is a committee member for the GARDP/BSAC Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Conference 2025. T.A. is a GMC registered physician and prescriber. M.A. is the Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC). As part of this role, T.A. helps to provide the Secretariat for the UK’s All-Party Parliamentary Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). T.A. also sits on the Steering Committee of the Trinity Challenge and is a Trustee of the Charades Theatre Company I.B. reports investigator-initiated research funding from Shionogi B.V. for research on Gram-negative infections; honoraria from Shionogi B.V. and Menarini UK; participating in an advisory board for GSK on the UK subscription model for antimicrobials. The other authors declare no competing interests.