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Article History

Received: 25 June 2024

Accepted: 16 January 2025

First Online: 31 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare the following competing interests: Author AG was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the European Union Joint Program – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), and by research grants from Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific, all of which were unrelated to this work. Author SG reports research funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), UM Mainz, Abbott, Boston Scientific, Böhringer Foundation, Magventure, Precisis, and Innovationsfond GBA. He received consulting fees from Abbott, Abbvie, Bial, BVDN, IPSEN, Stada, and UCB. Author MNG has received advisory/consulting fees from Abbott and clinical research support from Abbott. Author AS was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TRR 295) and Brunhilde Moll Foundation unrelated to this research. He received consulting fees from Abbott, Zambon, and Abbvie, and speaker honoraria from bsh medical communication, Abbott, Kyowa Kirin, Novartis, Abbvie, and Alexion, GE Healthcare. He received an editor’s fee from Georg Thieme Verlag. Author LMD was supported by the “Río Hortega” program (CM21/00051) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Author VLM has received travel grant from Bial, and speaker’s fees from Bial, Abbvie and Britannia which are unrelated to this work. Author JK received funding support from Abbott, receives honoraria for consulting services and advisory boards from Abbott and Abbvie. Author RA reports speaker fees in training courses from Abbott. Author MSF reports receiving a yearly grant from the Parkinson’s Foundation unrelated to this research. Author MJS has received advisory/consulting fees from AbbVie, Abbott, Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Merz therapeutics, Medtronic, Neurocrine, Supernus. He has received research support from AbbVie, Cerevel therapeutics, CND Lifesciences, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Praxis Precision Medicine, Scion, and Teva. He has served on the speaking bureau for AbbVie, Amneal pharmaceuticals, and Kyowa Kiran. He has also received grant support from the HDSA. Author LL has received research grant from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and served on the scientific advisory board for Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, all of which are unrelated to this work. Author BLW reports grant Support from Parkinson’s Foundation, Consulting/Speaking fees from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Teva, Medtronic. Author CW reports receiving consulting fees from Abbott, Medtronic, Boston Scientific. Author HL reports speaking fees for Teva Pharmaceuticals. Authors MC, YP, BB, and BC are Abbott employees. Author CL has received educational grants from Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific, and Amneal and has served as consultant for Abbott and Boston Scientific and Abbvie. Author DW has received study support, speaker honoraria and travel grants from Abbott, Medtronic, Boston Scientific and has served as consultant of Abbott including remote technology. Authors LZ, SEZ, and DMH declares no competing interests. This study was funded by Abbott. Abbott provided technical support and participated in the study design and data analysis and aided in drafting the manuscript in collaboration with the academic authors.