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Authors
Shimizu, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-7678
Yokoi, Yuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-3200
Ohira, Shuya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-9707
Izumi, Hirohisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-4774
Kawakami, Satomi
Ihara, Miu
Tabata, Fuka
Takeda, Yasuhiro
Kimura, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-8962
Nakamura, Koshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8141-7614
Tamakoshi, Akiko
Ayabe, Tokiyoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8631-5593
Nakamura, Kiminori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-2137
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJCE 1301, JPMJPF2108)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21H02891, 20H04098, 22K19120)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2024
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: Y.S., H.I., S.K., F.T., and Y.T. are employees of Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. Other authors (Y.Y., S.O., M.I., T.K., Koshi N., A.T., T.A., Kiminori N.) declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the ethics committees of the Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University (16-039) and Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd (16005-144).
