Roebuck, Chris https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7825-9093
Sandall, Jane https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-743X
West, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-3654
Atherden, Charlotte
Parkyn, Kate
Johnson, Owen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-541X
Article History
Received: 13 September 2024
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 7 August 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests. JS was seconded to NHS England February 2021 to August 2023.CR, CH and KP are employed by NHS England, a public body at Arm’s Length from Government responsible for managing the NHS in England. All other authors declare they have no competing interests.