Lu, Tianyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-5698
Paterson, Andrew D.
Funding for this research was provided by:
UW | School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Article History
Received: 20 June 2024
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Competing interests
: T.L. has been providing consulting services to 5 Prime Sciences Inc., which was not involved in the design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of the study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: This study used summary statistics from previously published genome-wide association studies, which individually obtained ethics approval and consent to participate.