Mahmud, Ayesha S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-8613
Chang, Meng-Chun
Citron, Daniel T.
Engø-Monsen, Kenth
Sayeed, Abdullah Abu
Zaman, Sazid Ibna
Uddin, Didar
Rahman, Md Mushfiqur
Rahaman, Mosiqure
Islam, Md Nazmul
Maude, Richard James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-0562
Buckee, Caroline O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-5899
Chang, Hsiao-Han https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-1530
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM156856, R35GM124715–02)
Hellman Fellowship, University of California, Berkeley
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (NSTC 113–2636-B-007-006, NSTC 113–2636-B-007-006)
Yushan Scholar Program
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1129596)
Asian Development Bank (R-CDTA 8485)
Wellcome Trust (220211)
Article History
Received: 23 July 2024
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.