Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 July 2024

Accepted: 15 September 2025

First Online: 4 November 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare the following competing interests. A.B. received support through the Fulbright U.S. Scholar Teaching and Research Award from the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State for a component of the submitted work. A.B. reports consulting fees from the University of Miami Institute for the Advanced Study of the Americas and the Mexican Health Foundation (Funsalud) for a component of the submitted work prior to the Fulbright. A.B. reports consulting fees through a research grant from the Medical Research Council to the University of Edinburgh for work related to palliative care outside the submitted work. N.G. and F.M.K. are board members of the International Association of Hospice and Palliative Care. S.D. reports consulting fees from the University of Miami Institute for the Advanced Study of the Americas for work related to serious health-related suffering and palliative care outside the submitted work. During the 36 months prior to publication, F.M.K. had research grant funding from the Medical Research Council to the University of Miami and Funsalud (Mexican Health Foundation) for work related to palliative care; research grant funding from the U.S. Cancer Pain Relief and ABC Global Alliance to the University of Miami for work related to palliative care outside the submitted work; research grant funding to Tómatelo a Pecho, A.C. from Breast Cancer Now related to palliative care outside the submitted work; research grant funding to Tómatelo a Pecho, A.C. outside submitted work from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Avon Cosmetics, S. de R. L. de C. V.; research grant funding to the University of Miami outside of the scope of the current work from Merck KGaA/EMD Serono; personal fees from Merck KGaA/EMD Serono.