Nzoyikorera, Néhémie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0971-2245
Schuele, Leonard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-5879
Nieuwenhuijse, David F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-5031
Nduwimana, Cassien
Ihorimbere, Théogène
Niyomwungere, Denis
Cassidy, Hayley
Boter, Marjan
Nibogora, Celestin
Ndihokubwayo, Armstrong https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4547-9188
Niyomwungere, Alexis
Nizigiyimana, Dionis
Uwineza, Marie Noelle
Diawara, Idrissa
Otani, Saria
Aarestrup, Frank M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-2723
Koopmans, Marion https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-2312
Nyandwi, Joseph
Oude Munnink, Bas B.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Global Health EDCTP3
Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.