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Authors
Chu, Justin
Hsieh, Tung-Han https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-9945
Chang, Yao-Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-2156
Liaw, Shien-Kuei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-9382
Yang, Fu-Liang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2823-9692
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 111-2221-E-001-005-)
Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital (TCRD-TPE-113-26(1/3))
Academia Sinica (RCAS-3010)
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences of Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was first approved by the Academia Sinica Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Taiwan (Application No: AS-IRB01-16081) and adhered to all relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants involved in the study prior to conducting the measurement.
