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Woodham, Rachel D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-9449
Cui, Yuhan
Wen, Junhao
Antoniades, Mathilde https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-835X
Srinivasan, Dhivya
Fan, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9869-4685
Erus, Guray https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-4861
Garcia, Jose A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2703-0777
Arnott, Stephen R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-7771
Chen, Taolin
Choi, Ki Sueng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-0677
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Frokjaer, Vibe G.
Ganz, Melanie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-8098
Godlewska, Beata R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5973-3765
Hassel, Stefanie
Ho, Keith
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Qin, Kun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6388
Rotzinger, Susan
Sacchet, Matthew D.
Savitz, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-182X
Shou, Haochang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3043-047X
Singh, Ashish https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-3636
Stolicyn, Aleks https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1147-7539
Strigo, Irina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-716X
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Wei, Dongtao
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Gong, Qiyong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-4871
Gotlib, Ian H.
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Qiu, Jiang
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Yan, Chao-Gan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-5977
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Davatzikos, Christos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1025-8561
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 15 November 2025
Competing interests
: S.R.A. has consulted for Indoc Research Canada. B.W.D. has received research support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Compass, Pathways, NIMH, Otsuka, and Uson and honoraria for consulting from Aya Biosciences, Myriad Neuroscience, Otsuka, Sophren Therapeutics, Cerebral Therapeutics, Sage. C.H.Y.F. has received grant funding from MRC (G0802594), NIMH (R01MH134236), NIHR Health Technology Assessment (NIHR165425), NIHR Efficacy and Mechanisms Evaluation (NIHR167361), Rosetrees Trust (CF2024M2116, CF20212104), Brain and Behavior (NARSAD), International Psychoanalytic Association, Eli Lilly and Co., Milken Institute (BD000029), Flow Neuroscience, and Wellcome Trust and is Section Editor of Brain Research Bulletin. C.J.H. serves as a consultant for P1vital, Lundbeck, Servier, and Compass Pathways. She holds grant income from Zogenix and J&J. S.H.K. has received funding for consulting or speaking engagements from Abbvie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Janssen, Lundbeck, Lundbeck Institute, Merck, Otsuka Pfizer, Sunovion, and Servier. He has received research support from Abbott, Brain Canada, CIHR (Canadian Institutes of Health Research), Janssen, Lundbeck, Ontario Brain Institute, Otsuka, Pfizer, and SPOR (Canada’s Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research). He has stock/stock options in Field Trip Health. G.M.K. has served as a speaker for Angelini, Abbvie, Cybin, and H. Lundbeck and as an advisor for Sanos, Onsero, Pangea Botanica, Gilgamesh, and Seaport Therapeutics. H.S.M. has received grant funding from NIH, grant support from Wellcome Leap and Hope for Depression Research Foundation, and consulting and IP licenses fees from Abbott Labs. A.M.M. has received research support from Eli Lilly, Janssen, and The Sackler Trust. A.M.M. has also received speaker fees from Illumina and Janssen. W.E.C. serves on the National Advisory Board of the George West Mental health Foundation, as a board member of Hugarheill ehf (an Icelandic company dedicated to the prevention of depression), and on the scientific advisory boards of AIM for Mental Health and the Anxiety and Depression Association of America; he is supported by the Mary and John Brock Foundation, the Pitts Foundation, and the Fuqua family foundations, and he receives book royalties from John Wiley. H.S. has received grant funding from NIH. S.C.S. received research support from Brain Canada, CIHR (Canadian Institutes of Health Research), Ontario Brain Institute, and CFI (Canadian Foundation for Innovation). S.C.S. is a founder and shareholder of ADMdx, Inc. D.T. has received grant funding from NIH. I.H.G. has received grant funding from NIH. M.H.T. received research support from NIH, PCORI, and AFSP, is a consultant for Alkermes Inc., Alto Neuroscience Inc, Axsome Therapeutics, Boegringer Ingelheim, GH Research, GreenLight VitalSign6 Inc, Heading Health, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutical, Legion Health, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mind Medicine Inc., Navitor, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Noema Pharma AG, Orexo US Inc., Otsuka Canada Pharmaceutical Inc, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. (MDD section adviser), SAGE Therapeutics, Signant Health, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals Inc and receives editorial compensation from Oxford University Press. A.H.Y. reports the following conflicts of interest: paid lectures and advisory boards for the following companies: Astrazenaca, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Sunovion, Servier, Livanova, Janssen, Allegan, Bionomics, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, COMPASS, Sage, Novartis; consultant to Johnson & Johnson and to Livanova; received honoraria for attending advisory boards and presenting talks at meetings organized by LivaNova; principal investigator in the Restore-Life VNS registry study funded by LivaNova; UK chief investigator for Novartis MDD study MIJ821A12201; principal investigator on ESKETINTRD3004: ‘An Open-label, Long-term, Safety and Efficacy Study of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-resistant Depression’; principal investigator on ‘The Effects of Psilocybin on Cognitive Function in Healthy Participants’; principal investigator on ‘The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Participants with Treatment-Resistant Depression (P-TRD)’; no shareholdings in pharmaceutical companies; deputy editor of BJPsych Open. Grant funding (past and present): NIMH (USA); CIHR (Canada); NARSAD (USA); Stanley Medical Research Institute (USA); MRC (UK); Wellcome Trust (UK); Royal College of Physicians (Edin); BMA (UK); UBC-VGH Foundation (Canada); WEDC (Canada); CCS Depression Research Fund (Canada); MSFHR (Canada); NIHR (UK); Janssen (UK). R.Z. is a private psychiatrist service provider at The London Depression Institute and co-investigator on a Livanova-funded observational study of vagus nerve stimulation for depression. R.Z. has received honoraria for talks at medical symposia sponsored by Lundbeck as well as Janssen. He has collaborated with EMIS PLC and advises Depsee Ltd. He is affiliated with the D’Or Institute of Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, and advises the Scients Institute, USA. Authors A. Singh, A. Stolicyn, B.R.G., B.N.F., C.C.F., C.-G.Y., C.D., D.A., D.S., D.W., G.E., H.C.W., I.M.A., I.S., J.F.W.D., J.Q., J.S., J.A.G., K.H., K.S.C., K.Q., M.P.P., M.A., M.D.S., M.G., Q.G., R.E., R.D.W., S.H., S.R., T.A.V., T.C., V.G.F., Y.C., Y.F., and W.X. declare that they have no competing interests.